Play a binaural recording over headphones and you can hear the sounds surround you like in real life. This means the sound recorded has all the cues for location captured, including the effects of diffraction. One way to achieve this is to record sound in binaural using a dummy head with microphones in the ears. Recreating a sense of where sound comes from is vital for Virtual Reality. Our eyes face front, so it is really important that are ears are very good at hearing things and working our where the sound is coming from. The is very important for use to be able to track prey and to prevent us getting attacked. So we have two ears because it allows us to locate sound. The brain senses this difference in arrival time and frequency content, and uses it to locate sound. As we have seen, sounds with short wavelengths (high frequencies) don’t diffract as well, so the furthest ear hears fewer high frequencies. This means the sound wave arrives slightly later and is altered in terms of the balance of high and low frequencies it contains. Sound to the furthest ear has to diffract (bend) around the head. When sound comes from the side (directly, or via a reflection as shown in the picture), the sound at each ear is different. Your brain uses this information to locate the sound in front of you. This is because the head is more-or-less symmetrical and the sound to both ears travels an identical path.
When sound reaches you from straight ahead, the same sound signal is received at both ears. If you close your eyes, you can tell which direction sound is coming from. Diffraction also plays an important role in allowing us to locate sources of sound.
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